Flat feet, or pes planus, occur when the arches of the feet fail to develop properly during childhood. Typically, this condition is noticeable by the absence of arches, causing the middle of the foot to rest completely on the ground. Although usually harmless, flat feet can sometimes lead to foot discomfort, especially during physical activities. Consulting a podiatrist can provide guidance on managing symptoms and ensuring optimal foot health.
Causes of Flat Feet
Flat feet, or pes planus, can have various causes, including:
- Genetics: Some individuals inherit flat feet from their parents or family members.
- Obesity: Excess weight can put pressure on the feet, leading to the collapse of the arches.
- Pregnancy: The hormonal changes and weight gain during pregnancy can contribute to the development of flat feet.
- Old age: As people age, the tendons and ligaments in the feet may weaken, resulting in flattened arches.
- Rheumatoid arthritis: This inflammatory condition can affect the joints in the feet, leading to changes in foot structure.
- Injuries: Trauma such as a broken bone or injury to the Achilles tendon can also cause flat feet by altering the foot's biomechanics.
- Understanding the potential causes of flat feet can help individuals take proactive steps to prevent or manage this condition. Consulting a podiatrist can provide personalized guidance and treatment options based on the underlying cause and individual needs.
Individuals with diabetes or certain muscular or neurological diseases such as muscular dystrophy, spina bifida, or cerebral palsy may experience changes in foot structure or function due to factors such as nerve damage or muscle weakness. This can contribute to the development or exacerbation of flat feet.
Different Types of Flat Feet
Flat feet vary in type among adults. They are classified as either rigid or flexible, distinguishing between different characteristics in foot structure.
Rigid flat feet. Those who have this form of flat feet display no arch whether they're standing or sitting, whether they're bearing weight or not.
Flexible flat feet. Flexible flat feet show arches when individuals are seated or up on tiptoes. However, these arches flatten out once they stand and bear weight on their feet.
Adult-acquired (fallen arch). This condition involves a sudden descent or collapse of the arch, which might impact just one foot. It could result from inflammation or a tear in a leg tendon that provides support to the arch.
Vertical talus. This is a condition present at birth where the talus bone in the ankle is misaligned, leading to the foot's underside resembling the base of a rocking chair.
Symptoms of Flat Feet
Flat feet frequently show no symptoms, but numerous individuals may encounter one or more of these indications:
- Pain in the arch
- Pain around the ankle
- Discomfort in the heel
- Stiffness
- Alterations in walking pattern
- Muscle discomfort or tiredness in the feet or legs
- Toe misalignment
- Challenges with balance or standing
Assessing and Addressing Flat Feet
To determine your condition, a podiatrist will examine your feet while you're seated, standing, and walking, and will assess any symptoms you're experiencing. In some cases, they may recommend an X-ray to examine bone structure.
The treatment for flat feet varies depending on symptoms and severity. A podiatrist may suggest custom orthotics or shoes, foot braces, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), or advise ice and rest. They might also recommend physical therapy to improve flexibility and strengthen muscles and tendons.
If flat feet are impacting your daily activities or causing discomfort, it's essential to have them evaluated and treated by a podiatrist.
